Executive Orders (EOs) 11988 and 11990 on Floodplain Management and Wetlands Protection require Federal agencies to avoid actions in or adversely affecting floodplains and wetlands unless there is no practicable alternative. EO 11988 establishes an eight-step process that agencies should carry out as part of their decision-making on projects that have the potential to impact floodplains.

• Describe the principles of EOs 11988 and 11990.
• Apply the requirements of 44 CFR Part 9 to FEMA programs and activities.
• Demonstrate compliance with EOs 11988 and 11990 for FEMA-funded programs and activities.